Background documentation
Speakers' contributions
The information contained in these publications does not necessarily reflect the position or opinion of the European Commission
- Sources of law (including the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights)
- Key concepts
- Burden of proof
- Positive Action / gender quotas
- Equal Pay
- Pregnancy and Work Life Balance
- Access to goods and services
- Role of the national judge / Preliminary ruling procedure
- Multiple discrimination
- Remedies
- Istanbul Convention / Violence against women
- Artificial intelligence
- Other topics
- The EU Legal Framework of Equality - DE - FR - PL
Anna Śledzińska-Simon (September 2023) - EU legal framework on equality - LV
Kristine Dupate (June 2023) - The EU legal framework on equality - SL
Neža Kogovšek Šalamon (April 2023) - The EU Legal Framework on Gender Equality - DE - FR - HU - RO
Mathias Möschel (October 2022) - The EU legal framework on equality - DE - HU
Ioanna Dervisopoulos (September 2022) - The EU legal framework on equality - ES
Claudia Schmidt (April 2022) - The EU legal framework on equality – with special attention to the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, its legal value and the issue of horizontal direct effect of Article 21 in the CJEU case law - DE - FR - RO
Octavia Spineanu-Matei (March 2022) - Introduction to Gender Equality law - DE - LT
Nuria E. Ramos Martín (November 2021) - The EU legal framework of equality - DE - EE - FR
Gaabriel Tavits (September 2021) - The EU legal framework on equality - DE
Sara Iglesias Sanchez (May 2021) - The EU Legal Framework on Gender Equality - DE - EL - ES - FR - HR - IT
Panos Kapotas (March 2021) - EU Legal Framework for Equality - LV
Elīna Ūsiņa (February 2021) - EU equality law and recent developments - ES
Vitalijus Novikovas (November 2020) - The EU legal framework on (gender) equality
Alexandra Timmer (September 2020) - The EU legal framework on Gender Equality - DE - FR - ES
Sara Benedi Lahuerta (May 2020) - The EU legal framework on gender equality - CZ - PT - FR
Álvaro Oliveira (October 2019) - The EU legal framework on equality - CZ - DE - FR
Marie Mercat-Bruns (September 2019) - The legal framework on gender equality - DE - FR - IT
Marjolein van den Brink (May 2019) - EU non-discrimination legal framework - DE
Christiane Brors (April 2019) - The EU legal framework on equality - CZ
Barbara Havelková (April 2018) - The EU Legal Framework on Equality - IT - DE
Fabian Lütz (January 2018) - The EU legal framework on equality - IT
Ilaria Brazzoduro (October 2017) - Article 23 CFREU – a new vision of equality rights beyond women and men?
Dagmar Schiek (June 2014) - Overview of the existing EU legislation on gender equality and definitions of key concepts - DE
Patricia Conlan (May 2013) - The role of the European Commission and current gender equality initiatives
Petra Schott (May 2013) - The broader EU equality law framework as a tool for the interpretation in sex discrimination cases
Constanze Pritz-Blazek (April 2013)
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- EU Gender Equality Law: Definition of key concepts - DE - EE - EL - ES - FR - PL - SL
Raphaële Xenidis (September 2023) - Definition of key concepts - DE - RO
Kristina Koldinská (June 2023) - Definition of key concepts - LV
Tomas Davulis (June 2023) - Definition of key concepts - DE - FR
Michel Miné (October 2022) - Definition of Key Concepts - DE - HU - LV
Tamás Gyulavári (September 2022) - Definition of Key Concepts - DE
Monika Schlachter (November 2021) - EU anti-discrimination law: Definition of key concepts - DE - ES - FR
Christa Tobler (May 2021) - Definition of key concepts - IT
Marzia Barbera (March 2021) - Definition of key concepts - RO
Nicola Braganza (December 2020) - Non-discrimination in EU law: key concepts
Marc De Vos (September 2020) - EU Gender Equality Law - Key concepts - DE - RO - HR
Raluca Dimitriu (June 2020) - EU Gender Equality Law - Definition of key concepts
Jan-Peter Loof (May 2020) - Defining key concepts of EU gender equality law - PT - DE - FR
Alexandra Timmer (October 2019) - Definition of key concepts - CZ
Krzysztof Smiszek (September 2019) - Definition of key concepts – Direct/ Indirect/ Harassment/ Sexual Harassment - CZ - HU
Christa Christensen (April 2018) - EU gender equality law: Definitions of key concepts - DE - LT - Paper - DE - FR
Paul Epstein QC (March 2018) - Definition of key concepts - DE - FR - IT
Laura Calafà (January 2018) - Definition of Key concepts - PL
Jennifer Eady (June 2017) - EU gender equality law: Definitions of key concepts - ES
Salls Robertson (May 2017) - Definition of key concepts: direct/ indirect discrimination harassment/ sexual harassment
Sarah Elsuni (April 2017) - Definition of Key Concepts of Discrimination - DE
Catherine Rayner (May 2016) - Overview of the existing EU legislation on equality and definitions of key concepts - BG - FR - DE
Anna Sledzinska-Simon (October 2015) - Definition of key concepts: direct discrimination, indirect discrimination, harassment and sexual harassment - FR
Sylvaine Laulom (May 2015) - Overview of the existing EU legislation on gender equality and definitions of key concepts - DE - FR
Marie Mercat-Bruns (February 2015) - An overview of the EU legislation on equality, some key concepts, and the direction of the CJEU’s recent case law - DE - FR
Evelyn Elis (November 2014) - Introduction to EU gender equality legislation & key concepts - ES
Marjolein van den Brink (September 2014) - EU Legislation on Gender Equality – Definition of Key Concepts - DE
Johanna Wenckebach (April 2014) - Overview of the existing EU legislation on gender equality and definitions of key concepts - PL - FR
Jean-Philippe Lhernould (November 2013) - Overview of the existing EU legislation on equality and definitions of key concepts - EL
Nicola Countouris (October 2013) - Overview of the existing EU legislation on equality and definitions of key concepts - DE
Ursula Rust (September 2013)
- EU Gender Equality Law: Definition of key concepts - DE - EE - EL - ES - FR - PL - SL
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- Proving discrimination - PL
Anna Mazurczak (September 2023) - Proving gender discrimination under EU law - DE
Lilla Farkas (June 2023) - Proving Discrimination - HU
Marguerite Bolger (June 2023) - The Distribution of Burden of Proof in EU Antidiscrimination Law - SL
Goran Selanec (April 2023) - The burden of proof - FR
Elodie Tuaillon-Hibon (October 2022) - The burden of proof in sex discrimination law - FR - LV
Claire Bruton (June 2022) - The Burden of Proof in sex discrimination cases - DE - ES - FR
(Lilla Farkas and) Orlagh O’Farrell (April 2022) - The burden of proof in European law. Proving discrimination. - DE - FR - RO
Marcin Wujczyk (March 2022) - Proof of discrimination - DE
Ioanna Dervisopoulos (November 2021) - EU Gender Equality Law Proving discrimination - EE
Aleksandra Rutkowska (September 2021) - The (procedural) proof of discrimination - DE
Jan Scholand (May 2021) - The Burden of proof in sex discrimination cases - IT
Julie Ringelheim (March 2021) - Burden of proof in cases of sex discrimination - RO
Iustina Ionescu (December 2020) - The Burden of proof in sex discrimination cases - DE - ES - FR
José Fernando Lousada Arochena (November 2020) - The Burden of Proof – A practical guide - DE - FR - IT - EL
Philip Rostant (September 2020) - The Burden of Proof - DE - EL - FR - HR
Christa Christensen (June 2020) - The Burden of proof in sex discrimination cases - DE - CZ - FR
Jane Russell (January 2020) - Burden of Proof - PT
Declan O’Dempsey (October 2019) - The Burden of Proof in Sex Discrimination Cases - DE
Jennifer Eady (April 2019) - Proving Discrimination – The Burden of proof and directive
Catherine Rayner (November 2018) - The burden of proof in sex discrimination cases - CZ
Zdenek Kühn (April 2018) - Proving discrimination: the burden of proof and evidence - DE - FR - ES
Else Leona McClimans (March 2018) - Proving discrimination – The shift of the burden of proof and access to evidence - FR - IT - Paper - Paper FR - DE
Tom Brown (January 2018) - The burden of proof in sex discrimination cases - IT - Paper - BG - FR - DE
Paul Epstein (October 2017) - The Burden of Proof in sex discrimination cases - HU
Tamás Gyulavári (October 2016) - Burden of proof in discrimination cases – A general guide - LT - Paper
Kevin Duffy (May 2016) - Allocation of burden of proof in cases of unequal treatment - DE
Susanne Prisching (May 2016) - The burden of proof in sex discrimination cases - DE
Nicola Braganza (September 2015) - Sharing the burden of proof - DE - RO
David Sneath (March 2015) - Burden of proof in sex discrimination cases - Paper - FR
Jason Galbraith-Marten QC (February 2015) - Burden of Proof in Cases of Discrimination Based on Sex - PL>
Katarzyna Gonera (November 2013) - FIGHTING SEX DISCRIMINATION CASES AND SHIFTING THE BURDEN OF PROOF - FR - DE - ES
Rachel Crasnow (April 2013)
- Proving discrimination - PL
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- Positive action and gender quota - FR - PL - SL
Anna Śledzińska-Simon (September 2023) - Gender diversity in company boards: the Women on Boards Directive - DE
Katharina Miller (June 2023) - Positive action and gender quotas - ES - LV
Mathias Möschel (June 2023) - Positive action and gender quotas in EU law - DE - EL - FR - LV
Panos Kapotas (October 2022) - How to attain the goals of the WoB-Directive? COM(2012)614 - HU
Prof. Irene Asscher-Vonk (September 2022) - Positive Action and Gender Quotas - DE
Ferran Camas Roda (October 2021) - Gender balance in decision-making and leadership
Linda Senden (June 2021) - Positive Action in and beyond the Gender Acquis - BG - DE - FR
Marc de Vos (May 2021) - Positive action and gender quotas - DE
Willemijn Roozendaal (January 2020) - Positive action and gender quotas in EU law
Ana Belén Muñoz Ruiz (September 2019) - Positive Action in EU Gender Equality Law and Policy - DE - FR - ES
Nuria Elena Ramos Martín (November 2018) - Positive action in the EU - IT - PL
Linda Senden (January 2018) - Positive Action Measures in EU Law - FR
Goran Selanec (November 2014) - Women on company boards
Linda Senden (December 2015) - Positive action and gender quotas - DE
Tomas Davulis (November 2014) - POSITIVE ACTION AND GENDER QUOTAS - DE
Mirella Visser (June 2014) - Positive action - RO - Paper - DE - FR
Colm O'Cinneide (April 2014) - Positive Action and Gender Quotas - DE
Alexander Klose (May 2013) - The Commission Proposal on Women on Boards
DG Justice, D1 Equal Treatment Legislation (April 2013)
- Positive action and gender quota - FR - PL - SL
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- Equal pay for work of equal value - DE - PL
Martin Reufels (September 2023) - Pay transparency Directive – Equal pay for equal work - DE
Vitalijus Novikovas (June 2023) - Gender pay gap and job evaluation - DE - FR - ES - IT - LV
Sophie Latraverse (June 2023) - Equal pay for work of equal value: CJEU case law and pay transparency measures - SL
Primož Rataj (April 2023) - Gender pay transparency measures in the EU: An overview of approaches, practices and experiences
Dr. Christine Aumayr-Pintar (December 2022) - Equal pay for work of equal value: EU legal framework and CJEU case law - CZ - DE - EE - EL - ES - HR - HU - IT - LT
Tomas Davulis (September 2022) - Equal pay for equal work or work of equal value - DE - ES - FR
Sara Iglesias Sánchez (June 2022) - Equal pay for work of equal value - ES
María Chica Soler (April 2022) - Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value - EU Legal Framework & CJEU Case Law - DE - ES - FR - IT - PL - PT
- RO
Petra Foubert (March 2022) - The Pay Transparency Directive – the new EU proposal
Álvaro Oliveira (June 2021) - Equal pay for work of equal value: EU legal framework and CJEU case law - DE - ES - FR
Catherine Rayner (November 2020) - Pay transparency measures and equal pay
Laura Carlson (November 2020) - Recent UWE decisions of the European Committee of Social Rights
Barbara Kresal (November 2020) - Equal pay issues in EU law and related CJEU case Law
Susanne Burri (December 2019) - Equal pay for work of equal value: EU legal framework and CJEU case law (CZ)
Hana Brablcová (September 2019) - Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value: EU legal framework an CJEU Case law
Petr Polák (November 2018) - Equal pay for work of equal value: EU legal framework and CJEU case law - DE
Cornelia Amon-Konrath (March 2018) - Equal Pay - EU Legal Framework and CJEU Case-Law - DE
Sandra Konstatzky (October 2017) - Equal Pay: EU legal framework CJEU case law - DE - FR
Sabine Wagner-Steinrigl (April 2017) - Equal pay for work of equal value - FR
Marie Becker (November 2016) - EU legal framework and CJEU case law - DE - ES - HU - FR
Nicola Braganza (October 2016) - Equal pay for work of equal value - BG
Michael Newman (October 2015) - Equal pay for work of qual value: EU legal framework and CJEU case law - DE
Susanne Prisching (September 2015) - Equal pay for work of equal value - FR
Slimane Laoufi (February2015) - EQUAL PAY AND THE GENDER PAY-GAP - Paper
Csilla Kollonay Lehoczky (June 2014) - Equal pay for work of equal value: EU legal framework and CJEU case law - RO
Catherine Rayner (April 2014) - Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value - PL - FR
Paul Epstein (November 2013)
- Equal pay for work of equal value - DE - PL
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- Directive (EU) 2019/1158 on work-life balance for parents and carers - PL
Christina Hiessl (September 2023) - Work-life balance: Directive 2019/1158 on work-life balance for parents and carers - DE
Petra Foubert (June 2023) - Work-life balance: Directive 2019/1158 on work-life balance for parents and carer - LV
Barbara Kresal (June 2023) - Work-life balance: Directive 2019/1158 on work-life balance for parents and carers - SL
Nuria Ramos Martin (April 2023) - European care strategy - DE - ES - FR
Katja Lenzing (December 2022) - The Right to Request Flexible Working Arrangements Under the Work-Life Balance Directive
Mark Bell (December 2022) - Work-Life Balance - DE - FR
Sabrina D'Andrea (October 2022) - Work-Life Balance - DE - FR - HU - RO
Raluca Dimitriu (March 2022) - Work-life balance - DE - ES - FR
Jelena Peranic Attenelle (June 2022) - WORK-LIFE BALANCE - ES
Miguel de la Corte (April 2022) - Work-Life Balance: the EU Approach - DE - EL - FR - IT
Susanne Burri (November 2021) - Work-Life Balance
Mari-Liis Sepper (September 2021) - Unpaid care work in EU law
Sabrina D’Andrea (June 2021) - Recent case-law of the ECtHR on pregnancy discrimination
Sabrina Wittmann-Puri (June 2021) - Recent CJEU case law on equal treatment, parental leave and religious signs at work
Sophie Robin-Olivier (June 2021) - Life Work Balance Directive - DE - Paper EN - Paper DE - Paper ES - Paper FR
Marguerite Bolger (May 2021) - Work-Life Balance - DE - FR - LV
Elisa Chieregato (February 2021) - Reconciliation of family life and work - DE - ES - FR
Jaime Cabeza Pereiro (November 2020) - Work-Life Balance - HR
Iris Gović Penić (June 2020) - Reconciliation of Family and Professional Life: Maternity and Parental Leave in EU Law - DE - FR - IT
Monika Schlachter (January 2020) - Work Life Balance: Brexit and Beyond
Eugenia Caracciolo di Torella (December 2019) - Reconciliation of Work and Family life - DE - FR - ES - PT
Maria do Rosário Palma-Ramalho (October 2019) - Balancing work and family life - FR
Hélène Masse-Dessen (May 2019) - Work-life balance and self-employment
Marlies Vegter (November 2018) - Reconciliation of work and family life - FR
Alexia Gardin (November 2018) - Reconciliation of Work and Family Life - CZ - DE - FR
Petra Foubert (April 2018) - The EU and Work-Life Balance: A 'New Start' to support Work-Life Balance for parents and caregivers - IT
Eugenia Caracciolo di Torella (January 2018) - Historical evolution and assessment of EU work-life balance policies
Susanne Burri (November 2017) - The recent Commission proposal on work-life balance for parents and carers
Karen Vandekerckhove (November 2017) - Working time and work-life balance issues
Ania Zbyszewska (November 2017) - Crowd-work and work-life balance
Nuna Zekic (November 2017) - Reconciliation of work and family life - DE
Elisabeth Brameshuber (October 2017) - Maternity and balancing work and family life in the European Union - ES - DE
María Amparo Ballester Pastor (May 2017) - Reconciliation of work and family life - DE
Tomas Davulis (April 2017) - Reconciliation of work and family life - DE - HU - FR
Csilla Kollonay Lehoczky (October 2016) - Reconciliation of work and family life
Tomas Davulis (June 2016) - Maternity rights for intended mothers? Surrogacy puts the EU legal framework
Eugenia Caracciolo di Torella (December 2015) - The impact of the ongoing crisis and the related austerity measures on work-life balance in practice
Roberta Guerrina (December 2015) - Reconciliation of work and family life in European law - BG
Daniela Furtunova (October 2015) - Father and the reconciliation between Work and Family Life: the swallows that did not make a summer?
Eugenia Caracciolo di Torella (May 2015) - Reconciliation of private and professional responsibilities - FR - DE
Jane Mair (March 2015) - Reconciliation of work and family life - FR
Susanne Burri (February 2015) - Reconciliation of work and family life - EL - DE - Paper
Jane Russell (November 2014) - Motherhood versus parenthood in the case law of the CJEU - FR
Susanne Burri (June 2014) - The equalisation between men and women: the case of care
Eugenia Caracciolo di Torella (June 2014) - Reconciliation of work and family life: protective measures for pregnant workers, maternity leave and parental leave - DE - FR
Claire Bruton (April 2014) - The reconciliation of work and family life: Pregnancy, Maternity, Parental leave - RO - DE
Jenny Julén Votinius (April 2014) - Reconciliation of work and family life - DE
Claire Bruton (April 2014) - Latest EU jurisprudence on maternity and pregnancy discrimination
Petra Foubert (November 2013) - Balancing work and family life: recent decisions of the CJEU - PL
Eugenia Caracciolo di Torella (November 2013) - Balancing work and family life - 40 years on: where are we now?
Eugenia Caracciolo di Torella (April 2013)
- Directive (EU) 2019/1158 on work-life balance for parents and carers - PL
- AI and equal access to goods and services
Eugenia Caracciolo di Torella (June 2021) - Gender Equal Access to Goods and Services - LV
Kristīne Dupate (February 2021) - Equal treatment outside employment: access to goods and services - FR - DE - ES - RO
Petr Polák (December 2020) - Equal treatment outside employment: access to goods and - DE
Maria Lee (January 2020) - Equal treatment outside employment: access to goods and services - PT
Miroslaw Wróblewski (October 2019) - Equal treatment outside employment: access to goods and services - CZ
Jakub Tomšej (September 2019) - Equal treatment in areas other than employment: access to goods and services - EL
Kalliopi Lykovardi (June 2019) - Equal treatment between men and women in the access to and supply of goods and services - DE - FR
Sarah Bourke (November 2018) - Equal treatment outside employment: access to goods and services - DE - FR
Erica Howard (October 2018) - Equal treatment outside employment: access to goods and services - CZ - DE - FR
Kristina Koldinská (April 2018) - Equal treatment between men and women in the access to and supply of goods and services: focus on the collaborative economy - IT
Eugenia Caracciolo di Torella (January 2018) - Gender Equality in goods and sevices - ES - HU
Katrine Steinfeld (May 2017) - Research paper for the European Parliament on the implementation across the Member States of Directive 2004/113/EC on the principle of equal treatment between men and women in the access to and supply of goods and services
Eugenia Caracciolo di Torella (December 2016) - Gender quality in access to goods and services – EU Directive 2004/113/EC - LT
Eleonora Sadauskaite (June 2016) - Gender equality in goods and services - DE
Stefania Minervino (May 2016) - Directive 2004/113/EC Equal treatment goods and services - DE
Nathalie Wuiame (April 2016) - Equal Treatment outside Employment: Access to Goods and Services - BG - FR
Rossen Grozev (October 2015) - Equal treatment: access to goods and services directive - FR
Pauline Loeckx (May 2015) - Equal Treatment Outside Employment: Access to Goods and Services - DE - FR
Elisabeth Holzleithner (November 2014) - Directive 2004/113/EC - Equal treatment in access to goods and services - ES - DE - FR
Andreas Stein (September 2014) - Equal treatment outside employment: access to goods and services - RO
Iustina Ionescu (April 2014) - The Test-Achats decision: a post-mortem analysis of Article 5 Directive 2004/13 - PL
Eugenia Caracciolo di Torella (November 2013) - Equal Treatment outside employment: access to goods and services - FR
Christian Armbrüster (April 2013)
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- The role of the national judge in applying the EU equality law - SL
Nina Betetto (April 2023) - The role of the national judge in the application of EU anti-discrimination directives: the relationship with national legal systems; the preliminary ruling procedure - HU
Szilvia Halmos (September 2022) - The role of the national judge in applying EU law on equality - DE - FR - RO
Amelia-Raluca Onișor (March 2022) - The role of the national judge in applying the EU Equality Directives: relationship with national legal orders and the preliminary ruling procedure - DE - EE - FR
Julia Laffranque (September 2021) - The role of the national courts in the application of equality within the scope of EU Directives: the relationship between national legal systems and the preliminary ruling procedure - IT
Nicoletta Aloj (March 2021) - The role of the national judge in applying the EU Equality Directives: relationship with national legal orders and the preliminary ruling procedure - Paper - DE - ES - FR
Goran Selanec (November 2020) - The role of the national judge in applying EU Equality Directives
Aleksandra Rutkowska (September 2020) - The role of the national Judge in the application of EU Anti-Discrimination Law - PT
Bruno Mestre (October 2019) - The Role of the National Judge in Applying the EU Equality Directives
Georges Vallindas (June 2019) - The role of the national judge in the application of European Union directives on equality: relationship with the national legal systems and preliminary ruling requests - FR
Alexandre David (October 2018) - The role of the national judge in applying the EU Equality Directives: relationship with national legal orders and the preliminary ruling procedure - CZ
Jan Passer (April 2018) - The role of the national judge in applying the EU Equality Directives: relationship with national legal orders and the preliminary ruling procedure - IT
Gualtiero Michelini (October 2017) - The role of national judge in the application of EU law
Bálint Rózsavölgyi (October 2016) - The role of the national judge in applying the EU equality directives: relationship with national legal orders and the preliminary ruling procedure/European Convention on Human Rights Standards
Danute Jociene (June 2016) - The preliminary ruling procedure – on the role of national courts in the application of EU law - DE
Horstpeter Kreppel (April 2016) - The role of the national judge in applying the EU equality directives: relationship with national legal orders and the preliminary ruling procedure - FR
Elina Paunio (May 2015) - The role of the national judge in applying the EU anti-discrimination directives:
The relationship with the national legal orders and preliminary ruling procedure - ES
José Luis Gil Ibáñez (September 2014) - The role of the national judge in applying the EU equality directives: relationship with national legal orders and the preliminary ruling procedure - RO
Dragos Calin (April 2014) - The role of the national judge in applying the EU anti-discrimination directives: relationship with national legal orders and the preliminary ruling procedure - PL
Dawid Miasik (November 2013) - The role of the national judge in the application of EU law in gender equality:Relation with national jurisdictions and the procedure of request for a preliminary ruling - EL
Vassilios A. Christianos (October 2013) - The role of the national judge in applying the EU equality directives: relationship with national legal orders and the preliminary ruling procedure
Carsten Zatschler (May 2013)
- The role of the national judge in applying the EU equality law - SL
- Recent CJEU case law on equal treatment, parental leave and religious signs at work
Sophie Robin-Olivier (June 2021) - Multiple discrimination - IT
Barbara Giovanna Bello (January 2018) - Multiple and Intersectional discrimination
Iyiola Solanke (December 2016) - Multiple Discrimination - DE - FR
Erica Howard (September 2015) - Multiple Discrimination - FR - ES
Lynn Roseberry (November 2014) - Multiple discrimination - DE
Kristina Koldinská (September 2013) - The challenge of multiple and intersectional discrimination in EU law - ES
Diamond Ashiagbor (April 2013)
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- Remedies and Sanctions - DE - FR - IT - PL
Klaus Michael Alenfelder (June 2023) - Seeking effectiveness: remedies and sanctions in sex discrimination cases - LV
Kristine Dupate (June 2023) - Effective sanctions and remedies in EU gender equality law - DE - FR - HU
Lilla Farkas (September 2022) - In pursuit of effectiveness: solutions and sanctions ruled by courts in cases of discrimination on grounds of sex - DE - FR - RO
Dragoș Călin (March 2022) - Sanctions and Damages in EU Non-Discrimination Law - DE - EE - ES - FR - PT
Martin Mörk (September 2021) - Remedies and sanctions in sex discrimination cases - DE - FR - IT
Bálint Rózsavölgyi (March 2021) - Searching for effectiveness: legal remedies and sanctions in cases of discrimination on grounds of gender - LV
Kaspars Rācenājs (February 2021) - Seeking effectiveness: remedies and sanctions in sex discrimination cases - RO
Ioana Soldea (December 2020) - Legal remedies and sanctions in gender discrimination cases - DE - ES - FR
Katrin Wladasch (November 2020) - Seeking effectiveness: remedies and sanctions in sex discrimination cases - HR
Nebojša Paunović (June 2020) - Remedies and sanctions in sex discrimination cases - CZ
Zdenek Kühn (September 2019) - Legal Recourse and Sanctions - EU Gender Equality Law - DE - FR - IT
Wilhelm Mestwerdt (April 2019) - Gender Equality: remedies and sanctions in discrimination cases - FR - DE - ES
Jean-Fancois Neven (November 2018) - Remedies and Sanctions in Sex Discrimination Cases - CZ
Petr Polák (April 2018) - Remedies and sanctions in sex discrimination cases - IT - Paper
Kevin Duffy (October 2017) - Sanctions and Damages in EU Non-Discrimination Law - PL
Urszula Torbus (June 2017) - Remedy for the violation of equal treatment - HU
Lilla Farkas (October 2016) - Remedies and sanctions in sex discrimination cases - LT - DE - FR
Diana Gumbreviciute-Kuzminskiene (June 2016) - Remedies and sanctions in (sex) discrimination cases - DE
Else Leona McCliman (April 2016) - Remedies and Sanctions in Discrimination Cases - FR - DE
François Moyse (February 2015)
Remedies and Sanctions - ES
Catherine Casserley (September 2014)- Remedies and sanctions - RO
Csaba Ferenc Asztalos (April 2014) - Sanctions according to the AGG - DE
Martina Benecke (May 2013)
- Remedies and Sanctions - DE - FR - IT - PL
- Fighting gender-based violence in the EU - PL
Sara De Vido (September 2023) - Fighting gender based violence - The Istanbul Convention, the case law of the ECtHR and the EU Directive on combating violence against women and domestic Violence - DE
Petra Volke (June 2023) - The fight against violence against women in the EU and the Istanbul Convention - DE - FR - HU - LV - RO
Maria Andriani Kostopoulou (June 2023) - The EU, the Istanbul Convention and the fight against gender-based violence - FR - HR - LV - SL
Sabrina Wittmann (April 2023) - Violence against women – a critical assessment of the EU proposal
Prof. ssa Sara De Vido (December 2022) - Intersectionality and the Istanbul Convention
Dr. Lorena Sosa (December 2022) - Proposal for a Directive on Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence - DE - FR
Carla Pambianco (October 2022) - The Istanbul Convention: origin, general guidelines and legal-institutional provisions - ES
María Barbancho (April 2022) - The Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combatting Violence Against Women and Domestic violence and the ECtHR’s case-law on gender-based violence - DE - FR - RO
Carmela Apostol (March 2022) - Violence against women -The Istanbul Convention and the case law of the ECtHR - DE
Petra Volke (November 2021) - Soopõhine vägivald – Istanbuli konventsioon Euroopa Inimõiguste Kohtu praktika
Liiri Oja (September 2021) - Accession of the EU to the Istanbul Convention and Opinion 1/19 of the CJEU
Merijn Chamon (June 2021) - Online gender-based violence: trends and challenges in criminalisation and prevention in europe
Sara de Vido (June 2021) - Gender-based violence - CZ - DE - FR
Mathias Möschel (May 2021) - Violence against women in the EU and the Istanbul Convention - IT
Elisabetta Rosi (March 2021) - Introduction to the legal framework on gender-based violence against women under the Istanbul Convention of 11 May 2011 - DE - ES - FR
Elena Martínez García (November 2020) - Violence against women: latest issues regarding the Istanbul Convention
Marceline Naudi (November 2020) - Violence against Women and Domestic Violence: The EU Legal Framework
Carla Pambianco (May 2020) - Istanbul Convention - DE
Sabine Kräuter-Stockton (January 2020) - The Istanbul Convention (IC) and possible legal implications for the EU accession - DE - FR - PL
Jackie Jones (December 2019) - Online hate speech against women
Olga Jurasz (December 2019) - The Istanbul Convention and its impact on EU law and policies
Sara de Vido (November 2018) - Legal implications of EU accession to the Istanbul Convention
Kevät Nousiainen (November 2017) - The Istanbul Convention and the legal implications of a possible accession of the EU - ES
Albena Koyoheva (May 2017) - Violence Against Women in European Law
Mathias Möschel (June 2014)
- Artificial intelligence and gender equality - PL
Marco Sideri (September 2023) - Equality, artificial intelligence, algorithms and automated decisions: how to detect and address discrimination in the context of AI? - DE - RO
Fabian Lütz (June 2023) - Artificial intelligence and gender equality - FR
Sylvaine Laulom (October 2022) - Artificial intelligence and gender equality - DE - FR
Raphaële Xenidis (June 2022) - Biases in the use of artificial intelligence for the management of labour relations: analysis from the EU anti-discrimination law - ES - Paper EN - Paper ES
Pilar Rivas Vallejo (April 2022) - Artificial Intelligence and Gender Equality - DE - EE - FR
Miriam Kullmann (September 2021) - AI and equal access to goods and services
Eugenia Caracciolo di Torella (June 2021) - Female workers in the gig economy
Neha Vyas (June 2021) - Algorithmic decision-making and EU gender equality law
Miriam Kullmann (December 2019)
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- Application of the European Union law in a MS court - LV
Freija Ieva (June 2023) - Pension inequality and EU law
Sabrina D'Andrea (December 2022) - Gender equality and social security – recent CJEU case law
Kristina Koldinská (December 2022) - Unlocking the potential of the EU Charter to ensure equal treatment and non-discrimination between children in childcare leave
Alicia Hendricks (December 2022) - Dobbs in the EU? - Threats to access to abortion in the EU
Ivana Isailović (December 2022) - Paid Domestic Work and EU Gender Equality Law
Vera Pavlou (June 2021) - Update on recent activities of the European Commission in the area of gender equality
Álvaro Oliveira (November 2020) - The relationship between the general principle of equality and the specific rights to non-discrimination on suspect grounds
Barbara Havelková (November 2020) - The impact of COVID-19 on gender equality law
Alexandra Timmer and Birte Böök (November 2020) - Digitalisation and Gender Equality
Claire Fernandez (November 2020) - The relation between the ECJ’s and the ECtHR’s approaches to non-discrimination law
Janneke Gerards (May 2020) - Recent Activities of the European Commission in the area of Gender Equality
Fabian Lütz (December 2019) - Gender equality and new forms of work
Inga Thiemann (December 2019) - Sexual Harassment – Discrimination versus Dignity
Ann Numhauser-Henning (December 2019) - Actions by the European Commission: New developments in relation to gender equality law
Fabian Lütz (November 2018) - Recent CJEU case law on Equality M/F
Marjolein van den Brink (November 2018) - The globalization of the sexual harassment crises
Marie Mercat-Bruns (November 2018) - Women, Poverty, Equality : The Role of CEDAW
Meghan Campbell (November 2018) - Gender equality in the EU in human rights context
Alexandra Timmer (November 2018) - Gendering Brexit
Roberta Guerrina (November 2018) - Recent case law from the ECHR and the European Committee of Social Rights in gender equality matters
Mathias Möschel (November 2017) - Recent CJEU case law in gender equality matters
Sara Benedi Lahuerta (November 2017) - EU law on gender equality after Brexit
Sandra Fredman (November 2017) - Gender equality and taxation in the EU
Åsa Gunnarsson (November 2017) - Systemic discrimination in the EU: rethinking the tools of anti-discrimination law
Marie Mercat-Bruns (December 2016) - Gender stereotyping in the case law of the CJEU
- Recent anti-discrimination case law of the CJEU
Christa Tobler (December 2016) - When is an applicant and applicant? Lessons from Kratzer (C-423/15)
Jule Mulder (December 2016) - Current equality law developments in France – The French model of expanding the discrimination grounds as a way forward for the EU?
Marie Mercat-Bruns (December 2015) - The impact of the ECHR on the quality principle
Niklas Bruun (June 2014) - Recent CJEU case-law on gender equality (& more)
Aleksandra Melesko (April 2013) - Transgressing gender – gender identity in EU discrimination law
Anna Śledzińska-Simon (April 2013)
- Application of the European Union law in a MS court - LV
e-Presentations
Each e-presentation features a top expert and includes high-level supporting material.
- e-Presentations 2022
- e-Presentations 2021
- e-Presentations 2020
- e-Presentations 2019
- e-Presentations 2018
- e-Presentations 2017
- e-Presentations 2016
- e-Presentations 2015
- e-Presentations 2014
- e-Presentations 2013
- e-Presentations 2012
Last updated in October 2023